• Workshop on Migratory Bird Monitoring in the Geum Estuary

    The Migratory Bird Monitoring Workshop was held at Seocheon Migratory Bird Center, Seocheon, South Korea on 1-4 September, organized by BirdLife International, hosted by the Seocheon County and supported by EAAFP. The workshop was to bring together those with an interest, past data and/or experience in migratory bird monitoring in the Geum Estuary with the […]

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  • International Workshop on Intertidal Wetlands and Management in the Yellow Sea Provinces of China

    The extent of intertidal wetlands in the Yellow Sea region has dramatically decreased over the past two decades, precipitating widespread declines in a number of migratory shorebird species that depend on these areas as critical stopover and staging sites during migration along the East Asian – Australasian Flyway. At the 2012 World Conservation Congress in […]

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  • The Comprehensive Report of the Yellow Sea Ecoregion Support Project 2007-2014

    Published by WWF and KIOST Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) and Community-Based Management (CBM) approaches were applied to improve management effectiveness of high conservation value wetlands in the Yellow Sea which the biodiversity conservation efforts and the sustainable use of resources could be generated and good practices delivered. The Comprehensive Report of the Yellow Sea Ecoregion Support […]

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  • CMS COP11 in Quito, Ecuador on 4-9 November 2014

    The Conference, held in Latin America for the first time, attracted over 900 delegates – a record for the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) – representing Parties, non-Parties, IGOs, NGOs and the media together with a large number of leading experts guiding global conservation efforts for the world’s avian, […]

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  • 国际禽流感与野鸟工作小组针对 「家禽养殖场及野鸟发现 H5N8 高致病性禽流感」所发出之声明 (2014 年 12 月3日)

    以下是联合国迁徙物种公约(UN CMS)[1] 与联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)[2]联合召集的国际禽流感与野鸟工作小组(简称: 禽流感工作小组)[3],针对2014年11月H5N8高致病性禽流感 [4]疫情的最新发展而作出的声明,用以向各政府部门、家禽养殖业、疾病控制部门、野生生物管理部门、环境管理部门及保育部门等相关人员,提供有关野鸟与H5N8高致病性禽流感之间的潜在相互影响的信息及相应措施。 重点讯息: 1. 高致病性禽流感的爆发主要跟密集式家禽养殖场及其相关的贸易销售系统有关 2. 在2014年相继于韩国、日本、中国、德国、荷兰及英国多国发生的H5N8高致病性禽流感爆发绝大部分发生于家禽养殖场中,但在小部份野鸟中亦侦测到病毒——野鸟有可能是经从家禽染病,然后再将病毒传返家禽。 3. 虽然野鸟被认为与高致病性禽流感的传播有关,但根据过往经验,疾病主要是经由受污染的家禽、家禽制品及相关的设备设施传播。 4. 由联合国环境署/迁徙物种公约(UNEP/CMS)与联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)联合召集的禽流感与野鸟工作小组促请各政府部门及机构: a.  进行全面的流行病学评估以确定病毒的真正来源,包括:病毒于国内及国际间的家禽贸易中的可能传播途径,与及家禽跟野鸟之间的病毒传播机制; b. 无论感染来源如何,应先专注处理受影响的家禽养殖场的疾病防控工作,以尽量减低疾病蔓延至其他家禽养殖场及/或野生动物的风险,并确保受感染及邻近养殖场实施生物防护,以防止野生动物与养殖家禽接触; c. 确保不会以杀害野鸟或破坏湿地生境作为疾病防控措施; d. 需留意若将公众注意力集中在野鸟而忽略其他可能的病毒载体,会令原本应集中用来处理疾病防控工作的力量错误地被分散,致使不能有效遏止病毒在家禽间持续散播,这不但会造成养殖场及国内收入的经济损失,同时更会为保育工作带来负面影响并导致生态多样性受损。 当前情况: 研究文献[5]记录H5N8高致病性禽流感病毒于2010年在中国的家禽养殖场被发现。2014年1月中旬,韩国出现首次大规模H5N8高致病性禽流感于鸡、家鸭及家鹅间爆发。之后于同年4月在日本,9月在中国及11月在德国、荷兰及英国的密闭式或半密闭式家禽养殖场中相继爆发。 2014年初在韩国出现的数次爆发中,有若干花脸鸭 (Anas formosa) [6]及豆雁 (Anser fabilis) [7]死于H5N8高致病性禽流感。之后亦从部分水鸟身上验出H5N8病毒,当中包括骨顶鸡 (Fulica atra)[8]、小天鹅 (Cygnus columbianus)[9]、白额雁 (Anser albifrons)[10]、绿头鸭 (Anas platyrhynchos)[11]、绿翅鸭(Anas crecca)[12]及斑嘴鸭 (Anas zonorhyncha)[13]。2014年11月,日本从两只小天鹅的粪便样本验出H5N8病毒。而欧洲则在11月16日从一只被枪杀的绿翅鸭身上首次在野鸟身上验出H5N8病毒,而绿翅鸭被枪杀的位置与11月6日爆发H5N8高致病性禽流感的德国家禽养殖场相距约50公里,此外荷兰则于12月1日从两只赤颈鸭 (Anas penelope)[14] 的粪便样本中验出H5N8病毒。 野鸟在H5N8高致病性禽流感中的有何角色? 于2010年中国首次在家禽身上发现H5N8病毒前,全球从未发现有野鸟带有此种病毒。故此相信H5N8病毒是起源于家禽,然后病毒扩散至野鸟后再传返家禽,而传播途径应该还涉及人为因素。虽然现阶段仍只属推测,但此传播模式在H5N1高致病性禽流感爆发时已曾出现。 针对西欧家禽爆发的H5N8高致病性禽流感,调查人员正尝试找出病毒来源,其推测病毒可能是经由野鸟从东亚带入。然而,首先需要明确的是野鸟直接从东亚地区(如中国或韩国)迁徙至西欧是非常罕见。虽然相邻的候鸟迁飞区会有部分地区在高纬度位置重叠,但候鸟迁飞区通常是「南北」走向,在亚洲东北部繁殖的水鸟通常都是向南迁徙至东亚及东南亚地区,而并不是向西迁往欧洲。病毒要在短时间内由东亚经野鸟进入西欧是极不寻常,更何况此段日子内并没有发生任何极端天气导致此情况发生。 虽然禽流感病毒亦有可能以较长时间,经历多个繁殖季节,于相邻候鸟迁飞区的重叠地区中在候鸟群间传播,从而导致病毒向西方扩散。但若此情况发生的话,病毒应相当广泛存在于野鸟间,所以就算缺乏有关野鸟的病毒监察数据,也理应会导致整个欧亚大陆的家禽养殖发生相应的禽流感爆发。但到目前为止却并没有类似情况发生,故有理由相信传播途径当中应涉及人为因素将病毒带到欧洲等世界各地,随后再传播至野鸟身上。 H5N8与人类健康 有别于H5N1高致病性禽流感,H5N8暂时并未出现感染人类的情况,故此对公众健康的威胁仍处于低风险水平,但仍有需要实施适当的防疫措施。 需要采取什么行动? 家禽养殖场及市场 按照联合国粮食及农业组织及世界动物卫生组织[15]的指引,H5N8高致病性禽流感的防疫措施主要集中在家禽养殖场及市场区域,主要包括:隔离、扑杀、严格执行生物安保措施、清洁消毒,及贸易与运输限制。若措施获适当执行,将能有效控制疫症爆发及病毒散播。另外,家禽业界之间的信息传递将会成为防止经济损失上不可或缺的一环。 野鸟 […]

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  • The worst disaster in the Sundarban mangrove, Bangladesh

    As a result of a collision between a tanker and a cargo ship, more than 350,000 litres of oil spilled into the Sela river which is part of the Sundarban mangrove in Bangladesh. This is the worst man-made disaster the Sundarbans has ever faced. The area is considered home to the world’s most endangered species […]

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  • Service Protects Red Knot as Threatened Under the Endangered Species Act

    News Release by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service December 9, 2014 Contact: Laury Parramore 703-358-2541 laury_parramore@fws.gov Designation highlights concern over impacts of climate change, development across Americas The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service today announced federal protection for the rufa subspecies of the red knot, a robin-sized shorebird, designating it as threatened under the Endangered […]

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  • EAAFP National Shorebirds Network Meeting in Japan

    EAAFP National Shorebirds Network Meeting in Japan was held in Kashima, Saga, Japan from 30 September to 1 October 2014, organized by Ministry of the Environment, Japan. The aim of the meeting was to promote understanding on EAAFP and share information among site managers of the Flyway network Sites that supports shorebirds’ migration. 35 participants […]

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  • Black-faced Spoonbill Event in Songdo, Incheon, South Korea

    On 28-29 November 2014, Black-faced Spoonbill (BFS) Event was hosted by Incheon NGO at Yeonsu-gu Office in Incheon, South Korea, with an aim to raise awareness on BFS and Songdo Tidal Flat (Ramsar Site), share the result of conservation works in 2014 to improve the collaboration between citizen, government, and academy. On the first day, […]

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  • 寻找”神话之鸟”:中华凤头燕鸥

    视频及文字源自OPCFHongKong   中华凤头燕鸥(Sterna bernsteini),是全球最濒危的鸟类之一,当前其野外成鸟数量估计不足50只。它们曾经在长达60年的时间里被认为已从地球上消失,直至2000年才重新被发现仍未绝种, 故它们便被誉为“神话之鸟”。我们两个来自香港大学的大学生今年六月前往浙江离岸海岛见证和研究它们的繁殖过程,以及了解当地中华凤头燕鸥正在面临的威胁。 原文链接,请点击这里。  

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